1884 Perron map MOSUL & NINEVEH, IRAQ, #65

Description: Perron09_065 1884 Perron map MOSUL & NINEVEH, IRAQ, #65 Nice small map titled Mossoul et Ninive, from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression. Overall size approx. 16 x 15.5 cm, image size approx. 10 x 5.5 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, 19 vol. (1875-94), great work of Elisee Reclus. Cartographer is Charles Perron. Mosul, Arabic Al-Maw?il, city, capital of Ninawa mu?afa?ah (governorate), northwestern Iraq. It lies on the right bank of the Tigris River across from the ruins of the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, 225 miles (362 km) northwest of Baghdad. Mosul is Iraq's third largest city and constitutes the chief commercial centre of the northwestern portion of the country. Probably built on the site of an earlier Assyrian fortress, Mosul succeeded Nineveh as the Tigris bridgehead of the road that linked Syria and Anatolia with Persia. By the 8th century CE it had become the principal city of northern Mesopotamia. In succeeding centuries a number of independent dynasties ruled the city, which reached its political zenith under the Zangid dynasty (1127–1222) and under Sultan Badr al-Din Lu'lu' (reigned 1222–59). Famous schools of metalwork and miniature painting arose in Mosul at this time, but the region's prosperity ended in 1258 when it was ravaged by the Mongols under Hülegü. The Ottoman Turks ruled the region from 1534 to 1918, during which time Mosul became a trade centre of the Ottoman Empire and the headquarters of a political subdivision. After World War I (1914–18) the Mosul area was occupied by Britain until a border settlement (c. 1926) placed it in Iraq rather than in Turkey. The city's commercial importance thereafter declined because it was cut off from the rest of the former Ottoman Empire. Mosul has since grown more prosperous with increased trade and the development of important oil fields nearby to the east and north. There is a refinery in the city. Mosul was once famous for its fine cotton goods; it is now a centre of cement, textile, sugar, and other industries and a marketplace for agricultural products. The city has road and rail connections with Baghdad and other Iraqi cities and with nearby Syria and Turkey, and it has an airport. The population has traditionally consisted mainly of Kurds, along with a large minority of Christian Arabs, but a resettlement plan instituted by the Ba?th Party government beginning in the 1970s increased the presence of Arabs in the city. The overthrow of the Ba?thists in 2003 during the Iraq War led to an eruption of ethnic strife as Kurds sought to reclaim property they alleged had been expropriated by the government. Mosul contains many ancient buildings, some dating from the 13th century. These include the Great Mosque, with its leaning minaret, the Red Mosque, the mosque of Nabi Jarjis (St. George), several Christian churches, and various Muslim shrines and mausoleums. Since World War II (1939–45) the city has been enlarged in area several times by new construction. The buildings of the University of Mosul (1967) and a modern five-span bridge stretching across the Tigris to the new suburb of Nineveh are among the city's modern structures. Pop. (2003 est.) 1,800,000. Nineveh, the oldest and most populous city of the ancient Assyrian Empire, situated on the east bank of the Tigris opposite modern Mosul, Iraq. Nineveh was located at the intersection of important north-south and east-west trade routes, and its proximity to a tributary of the Tigris, the Khaw?ar River, added to the value of the fertile agricultural and pastoral lands in the district. The first person to survey and map Nineveh was the archaeologist Claudius J. Rich in 1820, a work later completed by Felix Jones and published by him in 1854. Excavations have been undertaken intermittently since that period by many persons. A.H. (later Sir Henry) Layard during 1845–51 discovered the palace of Sennacherib and took back to England an unrivalled collection of stone bas-reliefs together with thousands of tablets inscribed in cuneiform from the great library of Ashurbanipal. Hormuzd Rassam continued the work in 1852. During 1929–32 R. Campbell Thompson excavated the temple of Nabu (Nebo) on behalf of the British Museum and discovered the site of the palace of Ashurnasirpal II. In 1931–32, together with M.E.L. (later Sir Max) Mallowan, Thompson for the first time dug a shaft from the top of the Quyunjik (Acropolis), 90 feet (30 metres) above the level of the plain, down through strata of accumulated debris of earlier cultures to virgin soil. It was then proved that more than four-fifths of this great accumulation is prehistoric.

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End Time: 2024-11-26T16:47:21.000Z

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